Journalism Is Art

Journalism Is Art Journalism is defined as â€Å"writing that reflects superficial thought and research, a popular slant, and hurried composition conceived of as exemplifying topical newspaper or popular magazine writing as distinguished from scholar writing. † Art is defined as â€Å"the quality, production, expression, or realm, according to aesthetic principles, of what is beautiful, appealing, or of more than ordinary significance. † So how are the two related? Journalism and art are related by definition because of two things. First, they are related because they both require superficial thought.Without creativity or a critical thinking process the article is not going to be different from anyone else’s. What separates the New York Times journalist from a college newspaper journalist? It is not just pay. It is pure experience and creativity. Any good writing requires creative thinking. Each piece of writing is individualized by the character and creativity o f the writer Same with art. If everyone thought the same way then we wouldn’t have amazing paintings like the Mona Lisa by Leonardo Devinci or Starry Night by Vincent Van Gaugh that stands out from your local artist.Each artist has different styles of painting. An example would be modern art and scenery art. Each requires different strongholds in different areas of skill. Just like journalists, one writer may write amazing columns but when it comes to a hard news article they are not as strong. Secondly journalism and art is related by definition because they both have more than ordinary significance. Sylvia, who writes for the TAXI design network quotes, â€Å"When we are so deeply moved by an experience that we want to share it with others, we are where art begins. Art does not need to be â€Å"understood† or to be enjoyed.Like life itself, it can simply be experienced. Yet the more we understand what art can offer, the richer our experience of it will be. † T his statement can be related to journalism. As a journalist, we write about what moves us to share or inform others. Articles are not always written to be enjoyed. They are sometimes used to break the most horrid news. These types of articles just can only simply be experienced. This is part of the art of journalism. It is part of life. Good journalism as well as good art has impact on our life. An article may reveal secretes of the government and ddress problems that we should be aware of in our community. Art impacts our life the same way. The painting La Maja Desnuda by Spanish painter Francisco Goya raised much controversy in the late 1700’s. This painting was one of the first nude paintings depicting pubic hair on a woman. Goya was stripped of his position of a Spanish court painter after this painting was revealed. It impacted people, just like journalism. This semester I have had my first experience as a journalist. I am taking a newspaper print class and writing for t he school newspaper, The Bridge.When I first started the class I had no clue what I was getting into. Tight deadlines, different styles of articles, gathering information from sometimes non-willing sources, and the whole separate art of photojournalism were a shock to me. I perceive journalism as an art because of experience. Just like a painting it takes time, creative thought, and has different styles Many people argue that journalism is a dying art or not an art at all. I can agree with the fact that journalism is a dying art. Before television and radio, newspaper print was the only way of circulating the news other than by word of mouth.It is much different in this day and time. We now have television that have reporters report to us live news. A newspaper can not break the news live for its audience. Newspapers are finding it harder to be successful in this day and time. On the other side of this argument, people have more opportunity to write as a journalist because of intern et. It no longer binds us to local writing. A person in Kentucky can write an article for the New York Times and simply send it by e-mail in the matter of seconds. Some people do not think journalism is an art because they have not experienced it for themselves.Just like me, before I experienced journalism for myself I thought it was just like any other type of writing. These people think journalism is old fashioned and would much rather have their news delivered to them by television, bypassing reading an actual article because they want to be informed the easiest way possible. They believe televised media is more accurate and easier to be comprehended. We need to save the art of print journalism. When was the last time you seen a teenager reading an actual print of the newspaper when they were not in it?I think schools should make students read news papers to be informed of current issues in the community. This would better improve their reading skills and promote newspaper print. Journalism as an art will only die out if we let it. Work Cited â€Å"Art† Dictionary. com Random House, Inc. February 13, 2013. â€Å"Journalism†. Dictionary. com. Random House, Inc. February 13, 2013 Sylvia. â€Å"Visual Arts- More Than Ordinary Significance† designtaxi. com. TAXI design network August 16, 2005. Web February 3, 2013. â€Å"10 Most Famous Paintings of all Time. †touropia. com. Touropia. October 30, 2010 Web. February 3, 2013 .

Subjection of Women towards Men

The eighteenth century novels, Fanny Hill a Woman of Pleasure by John Cleveland, The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole, and Mary the Wrongs of a Woman by Wollstonecraft are episodes of women being subject to men. Though women were treated as a subject, history has shown that in every great man – beside him is a woman. In the work written by Cleveland during the time he was imprisoned was critiqued that the book can be questioned by its substance since it is written by a man.However, it is a story wherein the main character admitted that her sexual faculty is both her â€Å"point of pleasure and pride (Cleveland, 1749). â€Å" Though the girl in the story finds herself unworthy for the man she loves she also questioned the worthiness of Mr. H especially when she witnessed how her maid was raped and how he bribed the girl with his money. Being a prostitute she was able to compare who is more rotten, if it was the one who sells sex or the one who buys it.Despite of the appare nt loss of virtue in chastity of the main character in the story, in her heart she would want to do the sex act with the person she loves despite of her complex understanding between love and desire. The story reveals about how innocence and struggle for survival can lead a young woman astray and be treated not more than a merchandize. The story also gave a lot of examples on how a woman’s submission are often abused and how her femininity are being obscured by wanton people, treating women as if they were not borne of a woman.The Gothic story of Otranto depicts how a statute in authority is clouded by ardent desire for women. The story gave a contrast between the desire for Isabella and the love for Matilda. Though the story treated those dainty ladies with outward refinement, it vividly portrays the subjectivism on the female gender towards chauvinism of some authoritarian men. The story classified that male children are more important than the girls and they are just reare d to become mothers of the next lineage.Women’s role was obscurely assigned to child bearing alone and the caring for their husbands. Beyond their dignified looks they are treated only as possession subjected to men. Manfred’s because of his power forget the fact that his dignity lies on how he takes care of his body or on how well he treated his wife. This 18th century novel though fictitiously written is able to accomplish how the arrogance of men in high stature can actually put man in digression if the women’s role is given a limited view as only a helper than a partner.Horace Walpole the 4th Earl of Orford significantly opened his reader’s awareness on the equal dignity of men and women and how the female gender in his time was subjected by its male counterpart. In Mary the Wrongs of a Woman is a book authored by a pregnant woman in an asylum a place in which in those days where marginalized women were kept by their society. The novel was considered by feminist as a biographical sketch rather than an unfinished fiction story. It was published by the author’s husband and regarded as a work to vindicate the rights of women.The Author stated the following â€Å"Addressing these memoirs to you, my child, uncertain whether I shall ever have the opportunity of instructing you, many observations will probably flow from my heart, which only a mother- a mother schooled in misery, could make (Matthews, 2001)† will deeply move a reader to sympathize with the author in her profound words who is very much in pain upon realizing that she may never have the chance to care for her child. The story about Maria tells about the experiences of a woman when they are wronged by their husbands.These women too are denied with their dignity on motherhood, a sad fact which since in the beginning was the reason why broken homes became in fashion. This means that citizens who are not raised by a motherly care and attention are possibly to be come persons who are withdrawn and lack compassion. This eventually leads to a society that is less humane and uncaring. Because of the subjectivism of women towards men, her self giving was abused in many ways and her assertiveness misconstrued as rebelliousness and feminism.Women are required to give her complete self because that is the dignity of her calling but that self giving is often not granted the love that is due to a woman. Rather, she is abused and is treated like a personal property and not as an equal partner. The British novels described the female gender both as strong women and weak women of which society of today still seeks her true meaning of femininity as a gift to the world. The fact that she is given her femininity her woman’s dignity is found in the order of love meaning she is the one to receive love in order give to love in return.Woman’s dignity is measured by her giving love to others but it can only be witnessed if she also receives it, fo r who can give something which she or he does not have? Men and children who are not capable knowing what genuine love is are those who lack the experience of being touched by the warmth of a mother’s love and if there is a cold woman out there it could be a reason that she was not given the love she deserved. Weak women are borne by societies who have disregarded their dignity and reduced their personhood as second citizens of this world.However, women are born strong because through motherhood a human being is entrusted to her care always and everywhere even in situations of social discrimination where she may find herself. She is also referred in (Proverbs 31:10) the perfect woman because her irreplaceable support for other people are owned much by their families and by the whole nations. . The three novels are characterized by different women during the 18th century, Fanny Hill a rural girl, Matilda and Isabella who belongs to noble blood, and Maria who is a woman of inte llect.They have all the qualities to be called perfect women but also have their weaknesses or soft spots which are an essence of their own femininity. Work Cited Cleveland, J. (1749). A Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure. Retrieved 14 April 2008, from http://books. google. com/books? id=cj5Za3JXXxkC Matthews, S. L. (2001). Mary Wollstonecraft and Mary Shelley: Writing. Retrieved 14 April 2008, from http://books. google. com/books? id=zeiXNBvquncC&dq=Mary+the+wrongs+of+a+woman&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0

Preventing accidents to children Essay

One of the hazards in the nursery is wires. To minimize the risk of children tripping over wires, wires should be tidied away out of the areas where the children are to prevent them from tripping up over them. Also, cable management systems such as cord covers could be used to cover the wires which make it less likely that the children could trip over them. The Healthy Working Lives website advises to ‘try to place equipment to avoid cables crossing pedestrian routes and use cable guards to cover cables where required’ (Healthy Working Lives, 2013). Slips/ Trips and fall is another hazard in a nursery and to minimise it so that service users are not at risk you can make sure that such hazards are put onto a side where it is not in the way of children. For e.g. if toys are in the walkway then tidy them away to a side. The Safety and Health website says that to prevent slips trips and falls you should ‘clean up spills immediately. If a spill can’t be cleaned up right away, place â€Å"wet floor† warning signs for workers. Keeps walkways and hallways free of debris, clutter and obstacles. Keep filing cabinets and desk drawers shut when not in use. Cover cables or cords in walkways. Replace burnt-out light bulbs promptly. Consider installing abrasive floor mats or replacing worn flooring. Encourage workers to wear comfortable, properly fitted shoes’. (Safety and Health, 2016) Another hazard in a nursery Weather/ Room temperature. To minimise the risk of children professionals and other in the setting suffering from hyper/hypothermia the nursery should ensure that the setting is suitable for service users to be in. This can be done by nursery staff making sure that the setting has an appropriate temperature for e.g. if its cold outside then they should ensure that the nursery is nice and warm for the service users’ and others who work or maybe visiting the nursery. If the temperature outside is too hot then The Nursery World advises to ‘avoid physical activities on very hot days to minimise the risks of heat stress, heat exhaustion and heatstroke.’ (Nursery World, 2015) Hazardous substances – cleaning products, beach etc. is one of the major hazards in a nursery as the harms and severity are very critical. In order to minimise the risk of this hazard substances and cleaning products should be placed out of children’s reach or placed in a locked cleaning cupboard. The Health and Safety Executive website advises to ‘Use good work techniques that avoid or minimise contact with harmful substances and minimise leaks and spills. Store cleaning products safely.’ (The Health and Safety Executive, No Date) In a nursery Doors/ stairs is also another hazard. In order to ensure that no service users are harmed by this hazard and the risk of potentially being harmed to be reduced the nursery should place some control measure to prevent them and they could be things such as door-slam stoppers or jammer. The Safe Kid website advises to fit hinges with protection strips ‘these devices cover the hinge where the door is joined to the wall. They are a long strip of plastic, easily fitted, that bend with the door when it opens, preventing children from slotting their fingers in.’ (Safe Kids, 2015) Open windows can be hazardous for service users as well as other people in the setting. The risk can also be very severe for this the nursery should try to minimise the risk of children being harmed. This can be done by placing some barriers such as gates around the window so children can jump out, this can also help safeguarding as no intruders will be able to enter. The Baby Centre website advises to ‘fit locks to prevent your child from opening them from the bottom. Fix low windows so that they don’t open more than 12.5cm.’ (Baby Centre, 2017) Faulty electrical equipment’s are another hazard in a nursery. This hazards has an overall rating of 12 but it can severely affect service users, professionals and others in the setting. In order to minimise this risk all electrical equipment’s should be regularly tested, any electric’s that are broken or can be hazardous to people should be disposed of or put out of use. This is supported by The Nursery World website that says ‘All electrical and gas equipment to be maintained and subject to annual inspections. The service histories of appliances should be recorded in a log book.’ (Nursery World, 2017) Medication or drugs lying around in the nursery is another hazard. To minimise professionals should keep an eye on service users to ensure that they don’t do anything that could place them in harm. This can be done by professionals making sure that the setting is safe for the children. Any medication that are in the premises should be authorised by the nursery nurse or it should be a prescribed by doctors. These medication should be kept by professionals and given to service users as prescribed. The Kids Health website advises to ‘Store all medicines, prescription and non-prescription, out of sight and out of reach of children, preferably in a locked cabinet. Even items that seem harmless, such as mouthwash, can be extremely dangerous if ingested in large quantities by children. Just because cabinets are up high doesn’t mean kids can’t get their hands on what’s in them, they’ll climb up (using the toilet and countertops) to get to items in the medicine cabinet.’ (The kids Health, 2017) Climbing frames/ broken toys can also be hazard in a nursery as service users can be harmed during playtime or when doing activities. To minimise this risk the nursery should make sure that all their equipment’s have a risk assessment done, make sure that the toys in the nursery aren’t harmful to the children, broken toys can be a hazard as service users may fall of them and gets hurt or it may drop on them depending on what toy it is. When children are playing on the climbing frames a professional should keep an eye on them or help them on this activity as they may fall from it and get injured. Toys with sharp edges should be avoided and the nursery should have age-appropriate toys. The safe Kids website says that ‘Useful points to consider include what to look for when buying toys, understanding safety marks and labelling, ensure that the right safety checks have been carried out, and considerations when giving and receiving used toys.’ (Safe Kids, 2011) Another potential hazard in a nursery is the event of a fire. If the nursery have control measures in place then the likelihood of a fire can be reduced. Control measure could be equipment’s that may cause a fire being checked and tested regularly, cookers and gas check should also be up to date and recorded on a logbook. The Kids Health website supports this by saying that making sure all electrical appliances are tested, making sure that wires are in good condition and sockets are safe to use. Fire alarms, fire doors etc. should be installed in the case of a fire and the Safety website says that the three P’s are recommended, they are: †¢ ‘PREPARE – Reduce the risk of fires by eliminating hazards. †¢ PRACTICE – Practice a fire evacuation plan and general fire safety practices. †¢ PREVENT – The Unthinkable’

Annotated Bibilograpy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Annotated Bibilograpy - Essay Example ducing the person’s core temperature to 32–34 °C  by using a cooling device after resuscitation; and this normally termed as therapeutic hypothermia or protective hypothermia. The study by Nolan et al (2003) reflects how therapeutic hypothermia has been helpful since 1950s in preventing global ischemia during open-heart surgeries. The paper has performed a detailed study of the recently published results of some randomized trials  which â€Å"compared mild hypothermia with normothermia in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest† (Nolan et al, 2003). According to their findings, both Australian hypothermia group and European hypothermia group (the subjects for the research) had favorable neurological outcomes. The authors point out the alarming statistics of death caused by cardiac arrest in the United States every year. The paper also identifies cardiac arrest as a potential cause for neurologic injury. By stating the intensity of the issue, the article highlights the significance of therapeutic hypothermia in improving the above said statistics. The article clearly describes what therapeutic hypothermia is and the situation when it is induced using invasive means. Further parts of the article discuss how cardiac arrest can cause neurologic deficits and what ways therapeutic hypothermia helps to overcome the risk. The article is really a reference guide for a person who learns various phases of the therapeutic hypothermia. This article also explores the history and reliability of supportive research for the use of inducing mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest. The study reflects that among the patients who survive an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 10 to 30% will have permanent brain damage. As the writer indicates, the study as a whole intends â€Å"to provide an overview of the pathophysiology and research that support the use of induced mild hypothermia† (McKean, 2009). In other words, the work develops a ‘protocol for induced hypothermia

Comparison between Prisons and Jails Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparison between Prisons and Jails - Essay Example That having been said, the question that one may ask is what are these differences? The purpose of this paper is to compare jails and prisons in the US. Hall (2010) notes that the comparison of jails and prisons should begin at the point of definition. As such, Hall defines a jail as a place for confinement of persons in lawful detention. Prisons, on the other hand, refer to a place where individuals already convicted of the offense are confined. From the definitions, it is apparent that jails are mainly meant to hold offenders pending their transportation to prison units, whereas prisons mainly house already convicted offenders who are serving their terms. The other difference noted is that jails operate mainly under the local jurisdictions while prisons are administered by the state. It is also notable that jails, unlike prisons are designed for short term periods only. Due to this reason, jails tend to have less social amenities than prisons. Offenders being housed in a jail have access to less amenities such as food, water, and bathrooms, and in a low security jail, these individuals may be allowed to socialize freely in common areas at sometimes during the day. However, this is highly restricted in prisons depending on the type of prison in which one is held. For instance, in maximum security cells, convicts have no such freedom to socialize freely in a common area since they are considered a threat to others (Beck and Harison, 2005). Findings also show that most jails are designed to house very few numbers of criminals and have relatively lax security in comparison to prisons where security is very tight. However, areas that are prone to violence are always administered under very strict security lines (Hall, 2010). Two types of jails found in the US are podular/direct supervision jails and the regional jails. Podular/direct supervision jails (New Generation Jails) are a type of jail used mainly to house inmates in pods or units centered on a multipurpose space. This type of jail operates on the principle that, consistent, direct supervision of prisoners can curb negative behaviors. The regional jails, on the other hand, are facilities operated together by two or more jurisdictions, and which is composed of prisoners drawn from those jurisdictions as noted by Christensen (2006). It is, however, noted that regional jails may sometimes be the only imprisonment facility in a given jurisdiction while, in others, jurisdiction may have its own jail as well as be at liberty to send some inmates to a regional facility. These jails form an integral part of the legal justice system in the US. Report reveals that there are approximately 3,300 jails in the US, which houses more than two million inmates in the country. These jails play an important role in holding offenders as they wait to be transported and brought before courts for trials. It also ensures that those who are denied bails while still undergoing trial are housed within reach of t he administrators of justice. Above all, jails act as correctional facility, which is indispensable for the criminal justice system. Prisons, on the other hand, are administered by the state and have much more extensive amenities since some prisoners may be put under a life sentence behind bars. Prisons also have access areas, church facilities and common areas for socializing and eating as well as educational facilities including classrooms, libraries and laboratories, where inmates can work and study

Inclusion of Sen into mainstream schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Inclusion of Sen into mainstream schools - Essay Example Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit (n.d.)" Though there are tribes that are unaware of any formal educational system, still knowing and learning the culture that they have and the important skills to subsist and to live harmoniously with his country can be considered education. Included in the kinds of persons that have the right to be educated are those who have learning and other kinds of physical and psychological impairments. These are students with learning disabilities that require special educational needs for them to be educated. They are students with special education needs or simply SEN students. The Education Act of 1996 considers a child has "special education needs" if he has a learning difficulty. In this case, a child has learning difficulty if "he has a significantly greater difficulty in learning than the majority of children of his age," and "he has a disability which either prevents or hinders him from making use of educational facilities of a kind generally provided for children of his age in schools within the area of the local education authority" (Education Act of 1996). Students with Special Education Needs (SEN) have difficulties in l... Examples of students that needs special attention are those having known disabilities like: Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder (ADD/ADHD), Aspergers, Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Cerebral Palsy, Down's Syndrome, Emotional Behavioural Difficulties, etc. (Types of Special Needs 2003). Evidences have backed up the necessity of SEN inclusion. Foremost of these are the reports submitted by the Alliance for Inclusive Education and Disability Equality Into Education that shows the feasibility and effectiveness of inclusive education for disabled children with different impairments (British Council of Disabled People 2005, p.2). The paper submitted by 2020 campaign laid down the advantages supporting the claim of SEN advocates that inclusion is beneficial for disabled students. Through this system, they have been given the opportunities to make friends, to improve their social and academic skills and to initiate a change in this world (Inclusion is Working, 2005, p.1). Also statistics reveal that children from special schools "do less well in exams, have higher rates of unemployment and are often more socially isolated as they grow older than their peers in the mainstream (Inclusion is Working 2005, p.2)." With these papers backing up the inclusion of SEN into mainstream education, the Special Education Needs and Disability Act 2001 has been legislated to provide a revised statutory framework for inclusion. It empowers SEN students to attend a mainstream school, unless their parents choose otherwise. Audit Scotland and HMIE released a report of the findings made by the commission. These organisations found out that to make mainstreaming pupils with SEN work, schools should have time to join their headteachers and

Increasing the duration of copyright in literary works in the United Essay

Increasing the duration of copyright in literary works in the United Kingdom in 1995 from life of the author plus 50 years to li - Essay Example One of the most critical issues regarding intellectual properties is the extension of copyright protection period that had remained at 50 years past the creator’s death for a few several centuries.3 By this definition, the rights are universally protected; however, the term of protection is not indefinite except for a few special works. Nevertheless, the contention of this paper has little to do with the definition and more to do with the amount of time for which the protection is supplied, in the UK; copyrights are protected but the Copyright and Design act of 1988 based on the 2003 amendments by the copyright and related regulations. Over the years, the UK has faces several challenges in related to copyright owing to the number of sometimes contradictory directives by other European countries as well as international proposal. This is in spite of the Berne convention of 1886, which set a minimum standard of protection among the countries participating in the same, later in 1 905 the convention, set the minimum period of 50 years after the death of the creator. However, despite the relatively steep number of years, given many countries have often increased instead of making effort to reduce them and this trend eventually lead up to the latest EC duration.4 Nevertheless, there is serious doubt about whether this increase serves the interest of the public or is as advantageous to the owner of the work as the EC may want to allege5;6. According to the EC duration preamble, the reasons for the increase are categorized as legal, social political and economic issues; however, an objective examination of these reasons however is enough to prove otherwise. Despite the overtly logical basis on which they are grounded, none of them stand in the face of critical scrutiny. The core interest of this paper is to discuss in particular the 1993 change in which the copyright protection was extended and provides evidence through a critical examination of the reason given for the fact that the mover was ill guided, in a word, a mistake. Background The background of copyright can be traced back to the 18th century and although the rules by then were nowhere near the current ones in terms of latitude and legal requirements7, the have successfully set precedent for posterity which have led to the current laws. The first copyright statute was the statute of Ann and this is the first document that recognised the author and provided a limited term of copyright of 28 years, this was first enacted in the Donaldson and Becket case in 1774. In this case, copyright was established and the original laws were supposed to protect the investment by printers and publishers as opposed to those of the authors. In-fact it was only in the 19th century that their creative genius was recognised and the creation of works become author centred as opposed to publisher and printer centred.8 One of the landmarks in the history of the copyright law in the UK was

Issue of health & food Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Issue of health & food - Annotated Bibliography Example Akineymi intelligently shares insights on how one can regain their health by applying right eating patterns. In spite of the health complications facing human beings, the author provides a framework that a person can embrace when working towards regaining their health. Essentially, it is important to appreciate the fact that some of the complications that arise due to the food we eat occur because we do not have the right information regarding the foods we eat. As such, the author focuses on the foods as well as the aspect of choice and its overall impact on our overall health. The author captures the potency of words when it comes to the diets we eat. As such, the author reiterates the role and impact of our feeding patterns especially concerningour overall health. The author shares important factors such as self-esteem, the importance of emotional awareness, the value of morality and the general perspectives aligned to what we eat. The reader gets a clear understanding of the importance of investing in knowledge and information especially when it comes to the individual choice of food. In the end, Asamoah shares some valuable insights on how one can benefit from an array of foods depending on their psychological orientations. Barrows shares on how a diet works within a specified timeframe. However, it requires an individual to take deliberate and informed steps when it comes to the choice. The type and nature of effects that you will experience during this process depend on several factors. The author captures some of the factors that influence or determine whether you will be successful or not. In a compelling and captivating fashion, the author shares factors to consider when choosing the right diet. The main theme of this book is on the individual freedom when choosing a diet. Minich, Deanna M. Chakra Foods for Optimum Health: A Guide to the Foods That Can Improve Your Energy, Inspire Creative Changes, Open Your

Unknown compound Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Unknown compound - Lab Report Example In this experiment, the flame test of the unknown solution gave a pink color indicating presence of potassium ions. The chemical reaction between the unknown solution and barium chloride followed by acidification using dilute nitric acid gave a white precipitate indicating presence of sulfate ions, which resulted from formation of barium sulfate that is an insoluble salt. The pH and conductometry tests gave numerical values of 7.90 and 3.031Ãâ€"10^4  µS/cm, respectively. The unknown solution had a pH similar to that of the known while the conductivity value of the unknown was different from that of the known by a small margin (-0.003Ãâ€"10^4  µS/cm). Synthesis of potassium sulfate from a reaction between potassium hydroxide and dilute sulfuric acid gave a percentage yield of 89.70%. Following the results obtained in this experiment, the identity of the unknown was confirmed to be potassium sulfate. Physical and chemical characteristics can be used to determine the identity of an unknown compound. Physical properties are those that can be determined without changing the composition of the substance. These include color, taste, odor, melting and boiling point, conductivity and density of a substance. Qualitative analysis is the process of determining the composition of chemical substance in matter by conducting various chemical tests (Davis et al., 2005). Most aqueous samples of various salts can be tested for characteristic reactions by reacting them with dilute nitric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid, aqueous barium nitrate/chloride, silver nitrate, ammonium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. These reagents are used in determining presence of anions (negatively charged particles) in unknown samples, which must be in aqueous states before the tests can be conducted. A number of signs can be used to deduce whether a chemical reaction has taken place some of which include: Color changes, formation of a precipitate (a solid product which ‘falls out

Strategic Management at Mercedes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Management at Mercedes - Assignment Example From this discussion it is clear that Mercedes has been a promising company, the occurrence of such an event was not a good thing to it. It was a very unfortunate event that if not properly handled, could become disastrous and dangerous for the success of the company. Rather than damaging the reputation of the flourishing company, it would bring financial losses that might be hard to bear. This is because a lot of resources will have to be used for compensation and reparations.   At the same time, the event would end up affecting the larger automobile industry which has been rocked with such recalls in the recent past. For this reason, it is incumbent upon the management to come up with practical and relevant strategies to deal with it.As the report highlights  Most importantly, the company, through its spokesman Donna Boland engaged in a serious strategic communication exercise. As a professional, Donna used his skills to appeal to the public to bear with the company because the problem was not intended, but had occurred as a result of unavoidable oversights in the technical department.  Just like Mercedes, all companies need to be cautious and be ready to know what happens to them failure to which, they might suffer a great deal.  Environmental analysis should always be considered as an important activity for all business organizations. These are important lessons that make these articles to be invaluable for anyone who wants to have an insight on strategic management.

Estimation of the value of gravitational acceleration g based on Essay - 2

Estimation of the value of gravitational acceleration g based on measurements from a simple pendulum - Essay Example The experiment entails releasing a mass that is attached at the end of a string with an initial angle (ÃŽ ¸). The angle is so small such that the sin ÃŽ ¸ can be approximated to just ÃŽ ¸ making this motion to be simple harmonic. It involves swinging the ball for a given number of oscillations and observing the time it takes to make those oscillations. From that information, we can obtain the time per oscillation. This time taken per oscillation is obtained for different lengths of the string. The relationship 4Ï€2/slope is then used to estimate the value of the acceleration due to gravity, g. The main aim of the pendulum experiment is to determine the effect that the length of the string has on the period taken by the pendulum to make a complete oscillation. It also aims at determining a relationship between the length and the period and also estimating a value for g. The hypothesis for this experiment is that the value for g obtained by any of the experiments available should be approximately equal to 9.8m/s2. The period taken by the pendulum is independent of the mass of the attached object and the initial angle. The period depends on the length of the string and the acceleration of gravity (Wilson & Hernà ¡ndez-Hall 2009). 3. Set the pendulum swinging through a small angle. Then, measure the time for the period of oscillations (hint: think of a good method here; measuring the period based on a single oscillation might not be a good idea). The analysis involved plotting a graph of T2 against L. since the graph should be linear, the students used simple linear regression to come up with a linear graph. (Michael, Matthew, Gauld, & Stinner 2010). The results support the objective of the experiment. The students were able to determine the relationship between T2 and L by plotting the graph and obtaining the gradient. Additionally, they were able to compute the value for the acceleration due to gravity, g, with a relative error of

The pie chart Essay Example for Free

The pie chart Essay This pie chart shows us the percentage of immigration from Russia between 2003-2008. From different sources of information there are five different countries which contain a large number of immigrants from Russia. Nowadays we can easily change our place for living. Somebody is searching for a highly paid job, another wants to have a luxury life, to learn foreign language or give their child good education. The main reasons why our compatriots immigrate are: In search of a new job and implementation 39% ; Refugees 22 % ; Study 20%; Married 15%; Others 4%. There are several countries whither Russian immigrants go more often. For the 2003-2008 years period the total number of immigrants was 229,579 thousand people. The first place of immigrants from Russia takes America (85.748 people) it is 37, 35%. They choose this country because salary is quite good, easy to move from one city to another and famous universities for example Massachusetts Institute of Technology or Harvard University are there. The second place takes German. 53.338 immigrants lived there. The main reason why people emigrate to this country is high-quality medicine and high standard of living. As regard to Canada, it is one of the beautiful countries which in rich in natural resources. The total number of immigrants from Russia is 20.015 it is 8,71%. As for Greece, you can see fruits which are growing on the street. Beaches, perfect weather, all what you need. The total numbers of Russian immigrants was 9940 people. The total numbers of our compatriots in Spain was 507 7 people. If you have some income, you will be able to wear clothes made ​​qualitatively and eat fresh food. The other countries are Italy, Norway, France, Great Britain and Sweden. Which consist 23%.

The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil

The Lucifer Effect: How Good People Turn Evil In Lucifer Effect Dr Zimbardo discusses his Stanford Prison Experiment conducted in 1971 in relevance to the prison abuses in Abu Ghraib in 2003. It is a shocking book presenting the transformation from an average good person into a bad brutal individual; the metamorphosis from Lucifer into Satan. At the same time Dr Zimbardo explains how this transformation is possible, how group dynamics and situational factors, maintained by the system influence human behaviour to create monsters even of normal good people. Moreover, Zimbardo discusses how to defend ourselves from becoming an evil. At the end he presents the victory of heroism and give a hope everyone is also able to do the most heroic acts. Body: What makes good people do bad things? This is a disturbing question which occupies our mind remembering the mass murders such as those of Cambodia, Darfur, Rwanda, Holocaust or May Lai. Would Holocaust occur again, Askenasy asks in his book Are we all Nazis? (in Blass, 1992). Milgram answers that if a system of death camps were set up in the United States of the sort we had seen in Nazi Germany, one would be able to find sufficient personnel for those camps in any medium-sized American town (CBS News, 1979, p. 7-8 cited in Blass, 1999, p. 956). Although most people would deny it claiming they could never be like them. (Blass, 2004, p. 35-36; Meyer, p. 71) surprisingly the examples from history and research studies have shown that everyone is capable of acting even in the most horrifying ways depending on the situational circumstances. People often underestimate the impact of the external factors because they cannot admit how easily they could be manipulated by situational forces, the concept known as fundamental attribution error (Jones Harris, 1967; Gilbert and Malone, 1995; Gilbert, 1998; Zimbardo, 1990). The studies on obedience (Baumrind, 1964; Burger, 2007; Burley McGuiness, 1977; Glasser, 1971; Halberstam, 1965; Kaufmann, 1967; Kilham Mann, 1974; Meeus Raaijmakers, 1987; Mantell, 1971; Milgram, 1963; 1965; 1974, p. 195; Ring, Wallston, Corey, 1970; Shanab Yahya, 1977, 1978; Sullivan, 1963; Taylor, 1970;), institutional aggression (Johnson, 1986; 1998), mass killings and genocides (Browing, 1993, Katz, 2004; Staub 1989; Waller, 2002) have indicated that violence is not determined by dispositional factors but it is a product of a situation. What social psychology has given to an understanding of human nature is the discovery that forces larger than ourselves determine our mental life and our actions chief among these forces is the power of the social situation (Banaji, 2001, p. 15). We dont have to look far to find an example of a blind authority follower. The Nazi leader Adolf Eichmann was an ordinary citizen who was charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity in the Nuremberg Trial in 1961 while he was just doing his job (Arendt, 1963, p. 135), only following orders (Zimbardo 2007, p. 218). Hanna Arendt helps us to understand that the Holocaust was not executed by fanatics but by normal people who accepted the state rules and therefore perceived their actions as normal. (Waxman, 2009). Anyone can be seduced to act wrong (Zimbardo 2004, p. 25). The Eichmann was not an exception; the manpower of Nazis in Final Solution was supported even by average elderly German citizens (Browning, 1993, p.16). The question what makes people act in the destructive ways has been long answered blaming the defective genes, the bad seeds responsible for pathological behaviour (Haney, Banks, Zimbardo, 1973b; Zimbardo, 2004, p. 21, 24). Starting from the landmark study, Stanf ord Prison Experiment (SPE) (Haney et al.,1973; Zimbardo, 1989; Zimbardo, Maslach, Haney, 2000) Lucifer Effect challenges this notion and argues that people act in the inhumane ways because they get poisoned by external factors, by a moment of a situation (Lewin, 1951) which is often supported by the bad system giving permission for a pathological behavior (Zimbardo, 2007). Stanford Prison Study shows the power of institution to influence the individual. It describes the transformation of normal, average students into aggressive, sadistic guards or passive, helpless and emotionally devastated prisoners playing the roles in the mock prison created in the dungeon of Stanford University. The study predicted for two weeks had to be terminated just only in 6 days because of the emotional breakdown of 5 of the students (Zimbardo, 1971; Zimbardo et al., 2000; 2004, p. 40). Dr Zimbardo saw the SPE as the parallel to the controversial abuses in Abu Ghraib (AG), which shaken the morality of the world in 2004 (p. 324; A Human Rights Watch Report [HRW], 2004; 2005; Stannard, 2004; Kersten Sidky, 2005; Dorf 2010; Zimbardo). The unbelievable humiliations of Iraqi detainees by American soldiers, who abused them in a number of horrifying ways (p. 357; Schlesinger et al., 2004; Taguba, 2004; Fay, 2004, p. 4) was not a surprise for Dr Zimbardo who saw it in SPE where prisoners became numbers inducing their powerless and dependence, were dehumanized and involved in humiliating tasks (p. 219; Haney et al, 1973b; Zimbardo et al., 2009). President Bush described the AG events as the incidents of few bad apples (Landford, 2009; Associated Press, 2005; Childs, 2005; Fox News, 2004; HRW, 2004; 2005) who were punished in the names of justice (HRW, 2005). Zimbardo, an expert witness for one of the guards, argues that there were not rotten apples, which should have been f ound guilty but it was the fault of the bad barrel which corrupted everything inside it (Zimbardo, 2008). Like in SPE good people were put in a bad, psychologically unhealthy situation, which had a dramatic impact on their behaviour and produced deviant deeds. (Zimbardo et al., 2000, p. 17). The soldiers in Abu Ghraib were just US Military Police Army Reservists (p. 335; Schlesinger et al., p. 12; Taguba, 2004) without any preparation to run the prison (p. 346, 377; Hersh, 2004; Schlesinger et al., 2004, p. 16; Taguba, 2004), exactly like the students role- playing the guards in the prison-like stimulated environment or just like the elderly men who joined the crimes of the Nazis. When placed in a novel unfamiliar situation, their learnt reaction patterns stopped working and their morale disengaged (Zimbardo, 2008) leading to the immoral behaviour. Soldiers, in the middle of the interrogation center, experienced a lot of pressure from Central Intelligence Agency to break the enemy (p. 336-37, 349, 382; Schlesinger et al., 2004, p.8; CBS News , ). Labelling the Iraqi the enemy (Allen Priest, 2004; CNN, 2001; Landford, 2009), enouncing the war with terrorism (p. 377, 430; HRW, 2004; 2005; Miles, 2006),) and the recent change in country attitude toward torture after 9/11 maintained by worldwide media and American administration (Zimbardo, 2004, p.35) gave the guards the permission to dehumanize the prisoners (Strozier as cited in Schwartz, 2004;) and treating them like dogs (Zimbardo, 2007, p. 337, 414). The powerful systemic forces created a fear across the country Zimbardo 2004, p. 35) and induced systematic propaganda under the cover of national security exactly as described in the novel 1984 (George Orwell, 1981) or Fahrenheit 451 (Ray Bradbury, 2007), in which societys enslavement to conformity was generated. It was enough to justify the horrific behaviour and made even killing acceptable and rationalized (p. 430; Zimbardo, 2004, p. 28, 35; Stratman, 2004). Additionally, there was no discipline in the Abu Ghraib and the unit was understaffed (p.336; Danner, 2004, p. 17; Gray Zielinski, 2006; Schlesinger, 2004; Stannard, 2004; Taguba, 2004). The place was kept in a secret (HRW, 2005), constantly under attack (Fay, 2004; Schlesinger 2004, p.11) without sufficient control (p. 348; Fay 2004, ; Schlesinger, 2004, p. 13; HRW, 2004; 2005) and strong leadership (Fay, 2004. ; Schlesinger, 2004, p.16). The situation was far from normal. Additionally, no formal policies or procedures to follow (p. 347) and confusion regarding the Geneva Convention (HRW, 2004; 2005; Schlesinger, p. 6-7, 14, 29, 37-38) gave the guards permission to do unthinkable crimes and torture like the superintendent Zimbardo let the abuses happen in SPE. As Lt. Col. Thomas Kolditz argued when the power is given to people without oversight it is a pure formula for violence (Donn, 2004). Human Rights Watch Report agrees with Dr Zimbardo that not few individuals should have be en blamed for brutality on site but the extraordinary pressures of the system which contributed to the abuses (Zimbardo, 2004, p. 47; HRW, 2004; 2005), the architects of the policies were responsible for creating the situation where abuses became a part of normality (HRW, 2004; 2005). The normality of the soldiers was the crime for us watching it from distance. If the guards had understood the mechanism of powerful situational forces maybe they could have been able to resist acting immorally. One of the factors contributing to the immoral deeds is deindividuation (Deiner, 1980; Festinger, Pepitone, Newcomb, 1952; Zimbardo 1970)) which fosters anonymity and violence, shutting down rational thinking about the consequences (p. 219; Festinger et al., 1952; Zimbardo, 1969; 1970; 2004, p. 33). What is the most frightening is the fact that deindividuation can be achieved simply by changing external appearance (Golding, 1954, p. 58, 63; John Watson; Zimbardo, 2007, ch. 3, 10. Another factor is moral disengagement from negative actions by justifying the conduct, diffusing responsibility for own actions (Kelman Hamilton, 1989; Milgram, 1963, 1965, 1974, 1992), blaming the accountability on the role played (p. 218; Freedman, 1969; Haney, Zimbardo, 1973c), while blindly following authority (Bandura, Underwood, Fromson, 1975; Darley Latane, 1968), conforming to the group norms seeking acceptance (Moore, 1978, p. 36), discriminating those from different groups (Baumeister, 1997; Bernard, Ottenberg Redl, 1968; Johnson, 1986, 1998; Staub, 1989;; Tajfel, Flament, Billig, Bundy, 1971; Waller, 2002), ignoring the consequences of the action and blaming the victims for the outcome while dehumanizing them (Bandura, 1975; 1988; 1996; 1999; Bandura, Fromson, Underwood, 1975; Bandura et al. 1996; Bandura, Osofsky, Zimbardo, 1999; 2005; 1998, 2003, str 511; Darley Latane, 1968 ). An individual has to be perceived as inhuman in order to make an unethical conduct com fortable for the perpetrator (p. 402; Kelman, 1973; Leyens et al., 2003),. Dehumanization process includes putting people into the roles (Haney Zimbardo, 1973) e.g. giving them the same uniforms and assigning numbers. As discrepancy between the immoral actions and personal beliefs occurs cognitive dissonance is created (p. 219; Aronson , Carlsmith, 1968 ; Festinger, 1957). The bigger the discrepancy between ones values and actions the more motivated the individual is to attain harmony (Janis and King, 1954; King and Janis,1956; Culbertson, 1957; Zimbardo, 1965).What is more, when people cannot deny their actions they tend to rationalize them persuading themselves and others that they followed the rational guidelines when making the decision (Zimbardo, 2007, p. 220). Grossman argues further that with the proper conditioning and the proper circumstances, it appears that almost anyone can and will kill (Grossman , 1995, p.4). It supports the notion that systematisation in creating the enemy which threaten the safety of people play an important role in inducing antisocial behaviour (Zimbardo, 2004, p. 43-45). When a pathological behaviour is additionally supported by authorities such as state or an institution it opens the doors for serious abuses. As it is the responsibility of government is to establish and maintain ethical guidelines across a state, country or world Lucifer Effect offers an advice for the authorities to prevent situations which set up conditions for individuals to behave immorally. Zimbardo emphasises that understanding the socio-psychological process of situational transformation is not an excuse for individual to commit crimes. It is just an explanation how people can be corrupted to do inhumane deeds and indeed it should be wisely used to resist the evil. (Wang and Zimbardo, 2006-2008). Dr Zimbardo also gives a hope that as much as people are capable of wrongdoing the creative mastermind of human beings can also generate terrific actions (p. 444, Zimbardo, 1996, p. 621, str. 504, Zimbardo, 2008). Eventually, Lucifer Effect teaches how to be a hero in waiting (see p. 330-331, 457-458, 471, 474-475, Lankford, 2009; Zimbardo et al., 1999; Zimbardo, 2004, p. 40, Zimbardo, 2008 Conclusion: The Lucifer Effect presents how good people turn evil. It involves understanding what powerful dynamic factors come into play during the human character metamorphosis within different circumstances. Lucifer Effect explains that personality variables contribute just a bit to produce certain behaviour, alleviating or escalating the impact of the situational forces, which are lying at the base of the psycho-sociological interactions (Banaji, 2001, p. 15; Mischel, 1968; Mischel, Shoda, Rodriguez, 1989; Mischel, Shoda, Wright, 1993; Mischel Shoda, 1995; Mischel, 2004; Staub, 1898, p. 126, 127). The argument in the book is indeed a convincing demonstration that evil deeds are attributable to the power of the bad situation (Zimbardo, 1989; Asch, 1952; Sherif, 1966; Tajfel, 1978) which is often maintained by the bad system (Zimbardo, 2008). Nevertheless, Dr Zimbardo also emphasises that understanding evil is not excusing it and everyone should be responsible for their own actions because t he individual can learn how to resist immoral actions (Zimbardo, 2008). The account Dr Zimbardo takes agrees with Hanna Arendts (1977) statement that unless people are insane they have ability to tell right from wrong then we must be able to demand its exercise from every sane person, no matter how erudite or ignorant, intelligent or stupid, he may happen to be ( p. 13).

The Work Of Ruth Benedict

The Work Of Ruth Benedict Ruth Benedicts studies on moral relativism produced intriguing information regarding cultures, how they behave, and how customs are essential in determining an individuals perception of right and wrong. Among her most notable works is the book Patterns of Culture, which provides readers with a thorough explanation of the diversity put across by various cultures and of how it is wrong to judge one relating to principles that are not present in his or her culture. Speaking about Dobu Islanders and Kwakiutls Benedict proves that the people in these two groups should not be condemned because of the way they perceive life. The main point stressed by Benedict is that morals are not the same for every culture and that one cannot consider that all people have the same outlook on notions like right and wrong. Not only were Dobu Islanders considered by white people to be abnormally savage for the territories they inhabited, but they were also harshly criticized by the tribes neighboring them, which were to some extent equally unsophisticated. In point of fact, during the early twentieth century white people recognized Dobu Islanders primarily for their poverty and because they were willing to work for low wages. In contrast to white people, the communities neighboring the Dobuans feared them because of their extreme way of living, which sometimes involved performing acts of cannibalism (Benedict 131). The Dobuans amply deserve the character they are given by their neighbors. They are lawless and treacherous (Benedict 131). Surely, this is most people would think when seeing things from what they perceive as being a general point of view, one that strictly distinguishes between concepts like right and wrong. Benedict however goes on to relate to moral relativism and to how the general public is wrong in believing that they can be impartial in defining principles relating to right and wrong. These two concepts are actually very subjective, since almost every culture perceives them differently. Dobuans are different from the rest of the world because of a series of reason, most of them being rather normal for the general public. Curiously, the Dobu society functions unlike other communities, given that it does not respect an exact hierarchy and does not follow any rules other than those involving treachery and hostility. The general rule applied in the Dobu community is that referring to how every mans hand is against every other man (Bendict 131). Still, as Benedict describes, Dobuans manage to get through the day without producing chaos and anarchy is among the last concepts that should be related to this culture (Benedict 131). In spite of the fact that Dobuans respect little to no rules that are highly praised in the so-called civilized world, they are nonetheless certain that what they do is perfectly right. In addition to living in an apparent state of lawlessness, Dobuans have rules that are based on aggression and that thoroughly relate to what is and what is not permitted when concerning unfriendliness. The Dobu Islanders believe that it is perfectly natural if they perform acts of betrayal and violence as long as they do so in what they perceive as being an organized environment. The very union that unites most communities that of marriage between individual coming from two enemy groups is not considered by Dobuans to bring any change in their lives, as they continue to hate each-other as they did before. Witchcraft is an essential element in Dobuan culture, since it is the reason for which most individuals perform a particular mission. With the intervention of white individuals, more and more Dobuans have expressed their desire to escape their community in exchange of what the general public sees as being hard labor. This desire to work in inhumane conditions for low wages is the result of the work they would otherwise be forced to do in their own villages. The Dobuan community sees nothing wrong with the fact that a man who was caught overnight in the residence of a woman should be forced to work for the womans father and for his own family for a year, until he is considered free to join the community as a member with full rights. Eating together is yet a nother example that assists the couple uniting under the ceremony of marriage. Although most of the Western World would be inclined to believe that there is nothing abnormal about the fact that Dobuans organize marriages in accordance to the general way in which a wedding takes place, matters are actually different. Indeed, Dobuans allow husbands and wives to stay together under the same roof and to provide food for their children. However, because mothers and motherline in general are especially important for Dobuans, couples are required to reside alternately in the grooms tribe and in the brides tribe for one year at a time, resolving the predicament easily but beyond the understanding of most of the civilized world (Bendict 139). Dobuans typically believe that one can only achieve success through cheating others into giving him what is rightfully theirs. The Dobuan culture provides individuals with complex information relating to how they can perform acts of treachery. Dobuans thus consider morality to relate only to their conception of society and to concepts such as right and wrong. The general public already has an understanding of right and wrong and considers Dobuans to act immorally, even with the fact that Dobu Islanders are merely doing what they were taught to do and are respecting the values imposed on them by their community (Bendict 142). Bendicts view on moral relativism relates to cultural relativism, since it involves the theory that an individuals behavior and convictions should be analyzed from the standpoint of the respective individuals culture. Morality is essentially relative and even with the fact that Western philosophers have produced complex theories related to ethical behavior, the information they generated is mostly useful, since it can only be applied to a limited number of cultures and even in these cultures the concepts of right and wrong can be considered to be unbalanced. To some extent, the presently extinct Kwakiutl population that once resided on the northwest coast of the American continent is similar to the Dobu Islanders. They too praised the supernatural and went through great efforts to attain it, even resorting to committing acts of cannibalism. Violence was a foremost element in the lives of Kwakiutls, as they did not hesitate to use aggression every time they had the opportunity to do so. Acts of aggression were actually part of ceremonies related to the communitys economy and the fighting abilities it possessed. It was essential for one to demonstrate his or her superiority in front of their opponents through making use of violence. According to Benedict, the object of all Kwakiutl enterprise was to show oneself superior to ones rivals (Bendict 190). In spite of their anomalous behavior, Kwakiutls simply did what their society taught them. Performing mostly every act that was not in accordance to their instinct provided Kwakiutls with enlightenment and they were determined to use every means possible with the purpose of reaching this state (Benedict 79). The concepts promoted by the Kwakiutl society are extremely unclear and complex, given that Kwakiutls were extremely devoted to serving their purpose and did not hesitate to perform inexplicable acts that they saw as being right. Not only were the Kwakiutls certain that they had to perform abnormal acts in order to become one with the supernatural, but they believed that these nonstandard performances were by and large obligatory to be associated to pain and torment. The most explanatory paragraph in Benedicts book relating to how Kwakiutls were certain that violence was the answer to virtually everything is the one speaking about the fact that these individuals believed that all of their gods were evil, since they could not comprehend a god that performs good deeds. They did not suppose that supernatural beings were beneficent. They knew that hurricanes and avalanches were not, and they attributed to the Gods the characteristics of the natural world (Benedict 221). It would be unlik ely for a Kwakiutl to be influenced in believing that the divine can also put across kindness, given that one cannot explain how gods can be good and produce hurricanes and avalanches for no actual reason at the same time. As demonstrated by Benedict in her description of the Dobuan and Kwakiutl cultures, it is illogical to attempt to determine if a particular act is right or wrong, considering that it can be understood as good from the standpoint of a particular culture whereas another can perceive it as being totally immoral. Just as each individual from a community can express subjective convictions regarding a topic in particular, a community as a whole can put across subjective ideas regarding what qualifies as being acceptable and what can be identified as being intolerable.

Mac vs IBM :: essays papers

Mac vs IBM Technology has led the world into the 21st century. Competition between two main computer systems, creates controversy over which system is superior. IBM compatables have captured the largest market share, but Apple Macintoshes hold a special place in capabilities. Computer buyers need to keep in mind different capabilities and their own unique requirements when deciding which way to go. Although both provide state of the art computer systems, IBM compatibles and Apple Macintoshes attract their own distinct clients because of their unique operating systems and stand alone buying powers. Adequate performance and mediocre ease of use, bundled in an extremely low cost package, have allowed IBM compatible computers to lead the computer industry in personal computers. To begin with, the average computer generation is about six months, and with every generation IBMs increase their computers^ capacities to appeal more and more to the ^average Joe.^ Memory, normally measured in gigabits, is constantly increasing though most people cannot use as much as is available. One year ago 166 mhz was considered fast. Now 350 mhz is what is being advertised. With the ability to hold more information, graphics have also improved. Megahertz, one type of speed of computers, is increasing at a blinding rate soon surpassing the speed at which a user can operate his computer. In fact, the biggest drawback to IBM compatibles is their complexity. IBMs allow access to useless information that clutters the hard drive while confusing the user. On an IBM, all programs, including Wi! ndows, are DOS based which means one will, at some time, have to use the convoluted system that requires typing rather than point and click. Another problem is that viruses are very common on IBMs especially if connected to the internet. If a computer is contaminated with a virus, even further frustration, time and money may be lost. However, a good element of IBMs is their purchasing abilities. For IBMs there are millions of programs, including games, business tools, and other various varieties. Also, IBM compatibles themselves are relatively inexpensive, and this drives their popularity. A decent, fully equipped machine can be bought for as low as $700. While IBMs appeal to the general public with lower prices, Apple Macintosh has proven to be a better overall product. Unlike IBM marketing claims, which have mislead potential buyers about the superiority of their product by emphasizing their few strengths despite the value; modern Macs can easily outperform commercial IBM computers. Like IBMs the memory on a Mac often exceeds the user requirements. Today^s top of the

Description and Perception Essay -- essays research papers

A gesture of truth or deceit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the following paper I will be describing the small moment in time when the presidential candidate finishes his elaborate speech and waves his hand to the crowd at his campaign’s convention. I will be trying to insinuate a feeling of truth and prosperity in the candidate’s gestures and appearance. The second impression will introduce a mood of dictatorship and deceitfulness about the candidate from his same gestures and appearance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is a feeling or truthfulness and prosperity in the presidential candidate’s gestures and appearance as he waves to the mass of people at the convention.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The pressure is building in the several hundred freedom loving Americans as their beloved party leader rallies the masses with his carefully prepared speech. His final words are a sweet sounding melody of authenticity and prosperity. The crowd erupts as the candidate waves firmly to them; the fingers on his hand outstretched supplement the confidence in his cause that he so boldly spoke of. His hand is waving to the whole crowd, seemingly covering everyone with an aura of certainty. The proud patriotic image of the waving American flag behind him compliments the rhythm of his gestures. He now raises his second hand in a feeling of complete and utter sureness that he is on the right path and that the voters in the upcoming months can rest assured that this is an infallible man. He is like the conductor of a dynamic symphony with instruments of cheering, smiling, and chanting. The waving filled me with the same confidence that many of this nation’s former lea ders had in leading our country to prosperity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I looked past the outstretched arms and onto the face of the political demigod and gazed upon his face. Never had I seen a more enduring smile in a presidential candidate, a steady and large smile, but at the same time not an overbearing smile that ensued a sense of counterfeit like in many past candidates. The same lips that produced such an unwavering smile could not possibly produce misleading lies. The huge round eyes with their eyelids very distinctly separated amongst all the bright lights was unequivocally the most definitive beacon of truth in his appearance. There was no twitching in his pupils, just a gaze as steady a... ...ed up to fool the public would have been futile with out the stare of his wide opened eyes upon the masses. His perfectly combed hair complements his flurry of movements and pours his sense of successful power upon everyone. The wrinkles on his face hidden by the layer of makeup used to make him more visually appealing to be the future president of this country. Every part of his physical appearance from his flaming eyes to his subtle lips and of his gesture of command from his waving hands exploits my naive nature into a trance of unquestionable concordance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The impression I was striving for in the first two descriptive paragraphs was for the reader to feel that the candidate’s character had truthfulness and prosperity. The second impression imposed on the reader was that the presidential candidate had dictatorship qualities and a deceitful nature. I wrote about the end of the candidate’s speech at the political convention because politics exists only because of the way people perceive things. There are many ways to perceive important political figures, but if everyone had the same perception on these people, then there would be no need for politics.

The Responsibilities of a Business Leaders

In the past, people that were above average in one area of leadership skills could survive as a leader. Technology has forced an adaptation in practically all aspects of the business environment over the past decade. The level of skills for leaders in the 21st century will need to adapt as well. Tomorrow's business leaders will need to possess a much broader range and higher level of leadership skills. First of all, good human relations skills may be the baseline characteristic of tomorrow's leaders. If an individual does not have good human relations skills or just does not get along with other people, then they will probably be doomed as a leader from the beginning. It is hard for an individual that does not get along with others to motivate anybody to do anything. Therefore, a good idea may be dismissed, if one is unable to generate some excitement or motivate others to jump on board. This is why being able to motivating people is such an important aspect of being a leader. Tomorrow's leaders will also transition more power from themselves to the people. Leaders will need to recognize and utilize through empowerment their most talented people. Acting as a role model will help demonstrate leadership styles and be the example for other people to emulate. Secondly, better time management skills are another characteristic that will be required of the future leaders. Managing and using hours efficiently on the telephone, doing paperwork, attending meetings and working on the computer is critical. Leaders waste time everyday by attending non-productive meetings, working on non-value added paperwork and even little things like using email inefficiently. This time adds up quickly and the costs associated are significant, since most leaders earn relatively large salaries. For instance, look at any CEO of a large corporation that probably earns at least $2,000,000 per year. This calculates to about $16 a minute. If the CEO wastes just 15 minutes per day, it cost the company and shareholders more than $60,000 per year. The same holds true for all employees, but the dollars wasted are much more significant with the middle managers and up. Next, the leadership characteristic that has been changing the most rapidly over the past decade is technical skills. Technology, and more precisely the use of computers, has increased dramatically over the last five to ten years. Much more information on a wide variety of subjects is at everyone's fingertips. Leaders that know how to access and use this information will be ahead of the rest when it comes to possessing critical knowledge. This will also make it easier for tomorrow's leaders to be thinkers and doers rather than just thinkers. In the past, leaders would just command people; there was not a great need for the leaders to be doers. But, by being a doer, tomorrow's leaders will set an example for other people or doers to follow, rather than just barking out commands. Finally, having good problem solving and decision-making skills are two more key characteristics for tomorrow's leaders. As people, technical, time management and any other types of issues arise, one must be able to evaluate a problem, then develop and implement a solution. By possessing a broader range and higher level of leadership skills today, the leaders of tomorrow will evolve.

Growing afraid Essay

snap describes the afternoon as being raw, which describes the hourterness of the conserve up, the weather is most attacking touch. The graveyard fag be described as precise old be practise overgr let with nettles lays a church buildingyard, which is unc atomic number 18d for and in an instant it could hardly crumble away. smear over again adds signifi providet words, as he repeats altogether of the names on the gravest champions, Alexander, Bartholomew, Abraham, Tobias and Roger that imbibe died in this harsh p fortify, fool reads it as if it were a list with so many a(prenominal) people at that place, who lease been there for a capacious period of snip.Dark, flat, wilderness beyond the churchyard again explains the lack of participation and the Isolation ab pop out the area. Dickens personifies slew as the wind was rushing, as if it were rushing to comwork forcece bit who was at the time a small bundle up of shivers growing afraid. The marshlands had an eff ect non and on spud, precisely the bunco exploit similarly, the convict had been smothered in mud and lamed by stones and cut by flints, and stung by nettles and torn by briars, showing he had escaped for a farsighted time and had spent most of his time concealment in the marshlands.As the convict virtually treats Pip, he tilts him over, gradually shorewards to the floor, he gives Pip a greater scent out of helplessness and danger which adds to the atmosphere significantly. Toward the give the axe of the chapter, a sad atmosphere is created, as the convict hugged his shuddering body in two arms clasping himself as if to hold himself together. The convict limps toward the low church wall producing an kitchen stove of one who is closing curtain to finale. Pip creates some other childish mood but this one describes the dead raise up stretching up guardedly out of their graves, showing how ofttimes fear he had in him at the time.The marshes are depicted as hard ly a gigantic shadowy plane line with the sky being just wish well a row of long angry red lines and dense black lines intermixed, describing the offness, and anger in Pips world. Charles Dickens leaves you with eerie images of death, of a lameness man, as if he were a hijack come to manner and come down and going back to hook himself up again. We are introduced to get off Havisham first as an immensely rich and grim skirt, a notorious charwoman who lived in a large plate that was firmly barricaded against robbers.She is described as life history a life of seclusion which leads us to retrieve that she is isolated, miserable and depressed. Pip describes her as being the strangest lady he had eer seen. She was cut shorted in rich materials, satins, lace and silks, all that are symbols of riches. She had a long whitened veil dependent from her copper which makes us believe that she is a bit odd shaming bridal wear for no apparent reason. Her hair was white which s ymbolizes that she is quite old. Another symbol of wealth is created because she had some bright jewels sparkling around her neck.Pip states that the bride within the bridal dress had withered like the dress which is another lead to her being quite old. We are given another unhealthy image of break loose Havisham, of her dying, the handwriting reflects this by stating that there was no brightness left but the brightness of her sunken eyes and her visualize had hung loose and had shrunk to skin and bone. She states that she had neer seen the sun since she was born, this makes the reader liveliness that she is again isolated and hiding away from life outside. She is in any case a cold-hearted person, because she says that her heart was disquieted with an eager look on her face.We tick off that she despises adults, and that she acts like a child, the novel portrays this by stating that she has sick fancies and she orders Pip with an impatient fecal matter of the hand to play. When Estella came to play with Pip, mislay Havisham says to Estella that she can break Pips heart, this indicates that Miss Havisham has set out to seek r blushge on men, and that is one of the reasons why she brought Pip to her house. There is a signified that life has ceased for Miss Havisham, the deem shows this by stating that her silk stocking once white, now white-livered had been trodden ragged.Pip says that the frillings and trimmings on her bridal dress looked like primitive paper which describes it as being fragile, like Miss Havisham herself. After Pip had ideal playing cards with Estella, Miss Havisham states You shall go home soon, Play the game out this illustrates to the reader that she is depressed and emotionally hurt, and is not to used to the company of others, so she sends him away. She had an appearance of disposeped body and soul, within and without, at a lower place the weight of a crushing screw up which leads us to believe that the marriage which di dnt take place, has caused her to drop her body and drop her soul.Miss Havisham once again thinks super of herself, acting as if she owns Pip, she expresses this by stating When shall I have you here again? . We likewise learn that she is a misguided woman because she says she doesnt know anything about the eld of the week, or the weeks of the year. We first learn that Estella is selfish and speaks in an scornful manner to anyone she isnt familiar with, the evidence of this is that after Pip politely said that she could go in first, she replied by express Dont be ridiculous son I am not going in and she also left Pip in the grisly by taking the cd with her.When Pip called her name out to play with him, she didnt come straight away, she took her time, advisedly trying to be awkward. When Miss Havisham time-tested the jewel on Estella, she obviously had intentions for her to get married. Estella thinks she is better than Pip, the evidence of this is that when she was ordered b y Miss Havisham to play with Pip, she replied With this boy why he is a common drudging boy . When Estella asked Pip what games he played, she asked it in the greatest disdain which makes us believe she is strict and again scornful and looks down on lower classes.Estella is used as a weapon, a heartbreaker by Miss Havisham, who as we know wants to treat men as she was hardened, Miss havisham illustrates this by stating defy him to Estella. Estella has no respect for Pip and thinks highly of herself and no one else, the evidence of this is that she says, he calls the knaves, jacks this boy and what coarse pass on he has. This leaves an effect on Pip as he becomes ashamed of his hands. She was observance Pip creating tension, trying to make him do prostitute, so that she could insult him more on his faults.Pip tells us this by stating she was fraud in wait for me to do wrong and she denounced me for a stupid, clumsy labouring boy As Pip was whispering to Miss Havisham, even th ough she wasnt saying anything, Estella was making Pip say skilful things about her with her eyes, the evidence of this is that she was looking at Pip with look of supreme offense. As the game between Pip and Estella finished, Estella threw all of the cards down as if she despised them for having been won of Pip, this shows that Estella is spiteful, treats Pip disdainfully and she is rattling proud.Estella was to told feed Pip, so she adorn the food down on the motive without looking at Pip as if Pip was a dog in disgrace, this shows that Estella again thinks Pip as being lower class and she has condescension for Pip. Estella had make Pip cry, she looked at him with promptly delight as being the cause of the tears, this proves she has no feelings and is satisfied for making him cry, this makes her not a likeable character at all. The first Impressions of Miss Havishams house is that it is a huge house make full with mystery, dismal house, barricaded against robbers which re flects the owners feelings.The house can furthermore be described as bleak and aflutter for anyone who approaches it, with its great front entrance having twain chains across it. It is a dark, depressed place, with a sense of bad experiences. The text edition tells us this by stating, the public lifes were all dark and still it was dark, and only the candle light us. Miss Havishams path was also dark, she obviously prefers darkness, and all of the candles signify the light in the direction, the evidence of this is that a pretty large room, well lighted with candles and no glimpse of daylight was to be seen in it.There is a sense of chaos in the room as everything is untidy, dresses and half-packed trunks were scattered about also Miss Havisham only had one brake shoe on. Everything was left as it was years ago, all confusedly heaped about the looking nut. Pip relates Miss Havisham to a climbing bittersweet he had once seen, with her skin sallow. He also makes a referenc e to death by describing a skeleton in the ashes of a rich dress. Miss Havisham is almost a ghost in her own house, the evidence of this is that waxwork and skeleton seemed to have dark eyes that moved. every(prenominal) of the watches and clocks in her room had stop at twenty minutes to nine, which is see and could be think with her marriage that didnt take place. Pip is made to feel vulnerable, he has no choice but to do what Miss Havisham says, this is because he had the dread(a) idea of starting round the room meaning that he had to embarrass himself in front of Miss Havisham. She asked Pip if he was sullen and obstinate, he is obviously very misunderstood.Miss Havisham becomes frustrated with him and pitiful for him, the book expresses this by stating So new to him So old to me So melancholy to both of us Miss Havisham again makes Pip feel discomfort as he is made to shout out Estella in a dark and mysterious passage of an un-known house again he is made to embarrass himsel f. Another sense that life has seized for Miss Havisham is that there are pale, lousy objects which also creates a deathly and unsettling atmosphere. Pip also describes her clothes as grave-clothes and her long veil looking like a shroud both of which are linked with a corpse.As Pip leaves Miss Havishams house, he states that the rush of daylight quite confounded him, this is another clue that the house is a very dark place. Toward the end of the chapter, we feel pity for Pip, because Estella treats him so badly, but he is strong because he refuses to cry in the presence of her, even though his feelings are bitter. This also shows that he wishes he had come from a family who were more of an upper class, than the family he was brought up with, because then maybe Estella would have treated him better.

Motivation Theories Essay

A couple of decades ago, the government issue of indigence were only if a nonher landmark in the passwords of man epochrs assay to implement behavioral techniques on their employees. Give perks, give pecuniary benefits, performance proceedss and employees atomic number 18 bound to be displaced as simple as that. But gradually as the eld passed by, as people began to move go forth of the shackles of mo nononous, menial locomote environments, in that location was a radical break of serve on how circumspection studies began to view motif. There were debates, lectures, psychological-social experiments and theories which utterly threw the sure-enough(a) beliefs aside and brought in overbold whizs.The number became a cynosure of all management, scientific and stinting studies a topic which was deemed simple suddenly became a complex monster without which, the study culture was poised to be threatened. Employees, aft(prenominal) all, are the biggest assets of org anizations and motif is what keeps them going. This paper give explore why the different penuryal theories are important and break forward from the usual old age concept of enquire and show it as the land is viewing motivation nowadays.The idea is to bring forth a certain amount of concern and debate in the topic (otherwise relative) so as to obtain a ingest understanding as to what might be the underlying reasons for employee motivation. Motivation Theories Assuming that the reviewer already knows what motivation is, contract cognise or so the dis correspondent popular motivation theories and jackpot distinguish amongst the respective(a) motivational theories and the literature surrounding them it has been discover how the traditional motivational theories of Maslow have closely vanished from the experiments and recent research papers, whilst laying dialect on ances judge environments and social evaluations.As the global market moves by repeat waves of stinti ng slowdown and instability, much organisational changes have occurred leading to fluctuations in employee expiation and the way workers view their argumentations. Motivation, clearly, has been a challenge. expiration aside the various theories, basic motivational factors such(prenominal) as compensation rewards, mod performance evaluation methods, the nature of work, organisational changes and socio-political structure have been evolving over the prehistoric few years and that has a repoint impact on motivation.Among all the theories, the one which stands out (and is probably relevant) is Herzbergs incentive hygiene theory, which divides the concept into two separate the inducement factors and the hygiene factors. While air enjoyment and work liberty go to the motivator factors, hygiene factors constituted of recompense and performance. Herzberg deduced that the insufficient hygiene factors lead to de-motivation and the motivator factors care job enrichment contri y ete to motivation.This is in compliance with the Hackman and Oldhams theory of job enrichment which talks about increasing motivation stemming from skill identity, autonomy, task signifi loaferce and job purpose. Deci & Ryans impersonate talk about the similar aspects, giving rise to the persuasion that extrinsic motivational factors (factors outside work like pay, performance compensations, rewards) directly cope with the ingrained factors (job satisfaction, challenging tasks, etcetera). While it is solely baseless to say that monetary rewards, i. e. xtrinsic factors do not work, it has been observed that insufficiency of such factors lead to extreme de motivation.On the ripple side, intrinsic motivational factors work lonesome(prenominal) if the work is challenging enough to interlace the interest of an individual wherein the job has a psychological impact on the skills of the employee. 1 mod Theories and Experiments As we usher into newer business environments, new theori es and experiments have cropped up which are cause a paradigm shift in the way the world get winds at motivation.The to the highest degree popular which are utilise in business organizations are the carrot and commove come near 10 where colloquially employees are granted carrots as rewards and sticks for reprimands. This consequently produces desirable and unsuitable behaviours among employees who perform mechanical and process orientated jobs as in the function effort 13 . However, playing by the rules of the motivation theories, there have been an opposition to this and there was an nest constructed around the concept of intrinsic motivation when it comes to jobs which require creativity and rudimentary cognitive skills like building new products.Among the just about famous ones are the performance of the cd experiment (see Appendix 1) with a trio groups of people where each(prenominal) group was given up varying monetary rewards to solve the compact disk problem 6. The result shows how the motivation through monetary rewards falls flat in the face of creative and cognitive jobs. The resembling has been elucidated Author Dan Pink in his bestseller book about motivation, Drive 14. A similar experiment was performed by LSE economics who reason out that financial incentives can result in a negative impact on overall performance 4.As the higg takey-piggledy war between various motivation theories continues, there are companies who have exemplified intrinsic motivation by providing autonomy to their employees to move them Google, Atlassian, Wikipedia are just among the few examples. This demo of be able to make a motion their employees has led to these companies being the stalwarts in their respective industries. righteousness and autonomy has been redefining motivation theories all crossways organizations in the horse opera world 3.However, across industries, organizations have been still trying to motivate their employees through rewards and monetary benefits while ignoring the age old basics of the intrinsic motivation theory. Motivation in an economic crisis The exculpate test for managers concerning this subject comes during an economic downswing when employee motivation is at an all epoch low. Organizational behaviour theory suggests the physical exertion of three models The Authoritarian model is used by nearly quicks worldwide involving trying to have got processes and bring all the imagerys in order through downsizing.However, this only leads to a substantial decrease in employee motivation. The IT avail manufacture in India and other move of Asia has been using this model during economic slowdown. This can be traced back to the roots of the Indian society which is built on a more(prenominal) authoritarian culture 11 . As the IT redevelopment pains is a more process oriented job, the managers more often than not try to balance the company profits with resource downsizing. Interestingly, this persistence field also successfully uses the carrot and stick approach to motivate their employees.The Paternalistic model tries to build up on the social protection of employees by gaining their trust and their willingness to continue with the company. This does not fracture motivation but does not prink employee motivation enough to bring the firm out of crisis, as the employees are not encouraged to improve their skills. Russian firms in the 1990s used this model to control the economic down change state but failed miserably as the employees were not do and it also accentuated the crisis situation.Based on Rensis Likerts encouraging relationships doctrine, the Supportive model recognizes the employee as the most important member of the firm, which in turn is likened to a social system 2 . credibly the best form of motivation during a crisis would be the supportive relationship principle wherein peoples outlook towards economic barriers are used to overcome the crisi s, wherefore changing their attitude towards job satisfaction and organization commitment by discovering return opportunities, giving the employees ideas to foster company gainfulness and minimizing their professional crisis 5.Motivation in IT industries Asiatic vs. Western As the world is being swept by technological advancements, the IT sphere of influence has been in the boom and has been defining the vogue in economic patterns. Considering the IT attention, in Asian markets such as India or the Philippines, where the industry is more service oriented, the motivation model is completely different from that which is used in the Western world. Western IT companies, which are more product based, do not keep up the age old motivation theories.These theories like Maslow and Taylor of trying to influence workers and employees with fat salaries have been pick out by organizations which have an Indian base. However, the Indian companies which deal with the IT service industry address the needs of the employees in a more radical and structured agency as these companies understand the needs of the employees check than the Western companies with a presence in India. The dichotomy of the East-West cultures force organizations to take various approaches to the subject of motivating employees.In India, the BPO and the IT industry, which mostly dominate the economy, is heavily dependent on people, hence the motivational approaches are as important as the job itself 12. The industry also shows a large spike in contriteness as ago trends have shown arising out of factors mainly because the employee is not motivated. An attitude study was conducted by Robbins to arrive out behavioural patterns of employees in BPO industry and to find out whether redesign of work, autonomy and restructuring teamwork and feedback increase satisfaction at the workplace, which in turn results in higher performance and motivating employees.The results were surprising as it was m ake up that there was no relationship between job characteristics and motivation. Instead it was found that BPO workers were motivated to work as long as their salaries and financial demands were being met 9. This technique is adopted by a lot of multinational companies which establish their BPO base in Indian and Philippine market. However, the Indian companies in the IT sector take a different approach by addressing the working conditions (like graveyard shift benefits), social concerns and standard of living of the employees.This is provided, not only by monetary benefits, but also by work sequence flexibility, autonomy, purpose and a sense of belonging. Surprisingly, this is the analogous strategy which is used in the westerly culture to motivate the employees. In Malaysia, where the service industry is one of the most appear markets in Asia, there are several(prenominal) push and tear factors which affect employee motivation, which in turn affects the high rate of attriti on in this sector.Studies in the Malaysian IT service market have concluded that though compensation and rewards have been the primary methods to motivate employees, work and job purpose are also seen as among the various pull factors which affect it 7. Recently, however, international businesses have been restructuring and redesigning their reward and motivation scheme to address the local anaesthetic culture of Asian countries, aligning them with those of the Western cultures. Conclusion Motivation, as we see, is not just about trying to encourage employees with rewards and benefits.A lot of psychological and social aspects are intertwined with the way motivation works. All the motivational theories are bound to clash against each other as organizations are changing the way they look at employees and their needs. Managers need to be aware of the fact that employees are not just assets and treat workers with a sense of belonging. As globalization is bend a page, managers have to keep in mind how the workers react to workplace environments and how they can be motivated to shape up organizations and industries, on a whole by inducing creativity and encouraging them to look at the broader picture existing in businesses.

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation

The work breakdown structure could be considered a record of the activities that old has to be undertaken so as to attain the objectives.In some of the stages the team many members are Involved, that allows the opportunity to be part of the planning stage. According to Jack Marchewka, â€Å"The purpose of high risk analysis and assessment is to determine what opportunities and threats should be addressed†. In identifying possible risk in the plan, there Is the risk of last over extending the team members, you empty can burnout the eam members quickly.Mitigation would be redistributing the work among the team, or how there may be a need to add additional staff.Project work breakdown structures late may also be utilized to recognize such risks that were prospective .http://www.techrepublic.com/article/four-steps-for-reducing-project-risk/http://www.techrepublic.

Developing a work nervous breakdown structure for set or virtually any plan of jobs makes it possible to get granular concerning the new job that has to be performed on any particular project.Accordingly, in each release further development undertaking an work nervous breakdown structure of prior smartphone economic development projects might be utilized keyword with a few adjustments.The tree structure best can be put to common use as a frame for creating a social work schedule and estimating costs.In reality, summary developing a work breakdown structure deeds that is fast all on your own early may be exceedingly helpful whenever a client lets you know they have X several dollars to spend or X several days to acquire something.

Do logical not forget that the project cant exceed 60 days.Project managers can calculate the length of first time it took to create a number or some specific dimensions and correct good for size or the number they last wish to produce.Some additional problems can occur personal Following the job is prepared.If youre working on an buying site undertaking, you cannot begin activities testing before the maturation of those own actions finishes.

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics

discipline Council of T from each superst atomic shape 18rs of mathematics (NCTM) Standards Website Lesson Plans Edwina Schweitzer molar concentration pileon University EED 364 November 25, 2012 The bailiwick Council of Teachers of math (NCTM) is a council that has aline in adorn standards that argon to be followed and amazed to when cr feeding numeral littleon send offs. These standards ar study and take in a round of the instillers as distant as what and how they teach math. bit in that respect atomic frame 18 much choices of lesson ends that live on the standards rear by the NCTM regarding com assemblee sensory faculty and trading operations, tho quaternary-spot volition be purpose to satisfy the hobby criteria. . cardinal lesson protrudes were chosen to exposit the second of the NCTM standards A. hassle- understand Math, incident 1, ( baring Education, n. d. ) is a lesson invent that inspection and repairs disciples apprehend the immensity of meter. In this lesson the designives argon to furnish the educatees the magnificence of meter in math, and instal examples of how they ar apply in passing(a) life. The savants perish extinct by nonice the video, Problem- puzzle step up Math, victoryion 1, and thus talk approximately every last(predicate) of the poesy that they assemble in the splitroom, much(prenominal) as the meter on a time or how m each keyst unrivaled brushes or windows in that location be.The students be past asked to calculate a military man with out(a) be and crap ideas of how things would be incompatible. They atomic estimate 18 and consequentlyce asked to deliver calibrate examples of how they hold in utilise aggregate, such as dividing glaze over among friends, be scratch line in line, or exis decenniumce measured at the doctor. They argon indeed asked to con execute these examples with the class and crap a bun in the oven the m as a admonisher of the sizeableness of number in their casual lives. B. performance 3 Exploring the belief of operations on tenfolds, (Illuminations, 2000-2012) is a lesson object that gives students the luck to research the do of addition, subtraction, generation, and region on quantitative poesy. This lesson come throughs a internal ear compete dis mold to formulate board cerement that every last(predicate)ows students to play a plump for duration bring out their way of life lay offed the snarl. The object of the internal ear is to clear up the maze with the highest decimal number. Examples of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and section of decimal add up be demon on an belt projector for the students to affect as a optic aid.This natural process requires the office of the information processing system, which provides exe completee victimisation a computing device mend having swordplay with a maze. The students be whence put into groups of leash to demonstrate their results. C. Ill divide s much than enrapture (Jackson, n. d. ) is a lesson cast that uptakes fractions to assoil riddles provided in a phosphate buffer ancestor case of Cyberchase, empower genus Zeus on the Loose. The students take the incident and wherefore phthisis fractions to realise the riddles epoch scholarship the separate of the fractions and their grandeur in frequent life. on that point is a going that is hold with the lesson political platform and a joust of materials, including smores ingredients, gigantic meter racket and a measuring stick of story cut out for fractional practice session. D. livelihood is exclusively-inclusive of Problems, (Young, n. d. ) is a lesson aim that helps students take aim how to read, interpret, and swot up a solution to math businesss. This lesson requires the usance of moral solvent, authorship and pencil, and calculator usage. The students watch to perso na brand their answers for excoriate procedures and solutions. There be whatever(prenominal) ideas tilted in this lesson think that whitethorn pop off into whatsoever diverse(a) schoolroom.This is a lesson architectural plan that is curiously substanti tout ensembley for advance amiable solving of mathematic equations. charm the noetic solving is attempt first, they whitethorn cheque their psychical answers by on the job(p) the line out on paper, then restate checking themselves with the calculator. This incorporates trey disparate operator of problem solving, and non precisely teaches the greatness of genial capabilities, it enables the students to finish with the subroutine of calculators. 2. The methodological analysis of number thought is utilize in each of the lesson plans in various ways. Problem-solving Math, case 1, ( breakthrough Education, n. . ) includes a style list that the others do non. verbiage is an built-in patch of growth t he skills and conceits required to explain solutions to problems, (Camelot Learning, n. d. ). every last(predicate) of the lessons lend oneself number vastness and provide activities to upraise this richness. regular though or so of these activities whitethorn not get batch diction terminology to keep up the lesson, they could be incorporate into them. If the higher(prenominal) rows already cho practice session the wording address for the lessons organism taught, they could be a refresher course so that the students did not block up them. 3.The activities that were include in these lesson plans include numerical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and variance of decimals and fractions. Calculators argon utilize in both of the activities, and the sizeableness of the practise of song is emphasized in on the whole activities. Problem solving techniques be given(p) as examples and the students ar support to repair on them by means of the cessation of the activities. cardinal lesson plan redden includes a Smores collation in the activity. Students would not solo foreshorten to work with Smores, plainly eat them afterwards 4.These websites ar steal for K-5th bod students, depending upon the lesson be taught and the fulfilment to which the instructor would standardised to memorize it. in on the whole of the lesson plans be flexible for students, just directs 3-6 seemed to be the ruff to proceeds from them as they are listed. A duette of the lesson plans include variations that could be do simpler or more difficult, depending upon the tick and require difficultness take. This variation in fuss is besides ingenuous for the speciality of the students. 5. The lesson plans exclusively provided ideas for tell apart instruction.These were similarly ideas that could be employ for different grade levels, depending upon how in-depth the teacher precious to go. keen groups were appo int to reason the results of nigh of the activities. This could be utile with those students that know great challenges and may sputter with their activities. almost of these activities could be do married person activities to help ELL students or those that may tend to be slow academically. 6. These lesson plans are of the essence(predicate) to the students rationality of mathematics because all of the lesson plans contained alert intimacy of the importance of numbers in day-by-day life.The students aim to occupy the components of these lessons to be victorious at anything in life, as they are grassroots provided master(prenominal) components. scarcely of these lessons show the students how numbers butt against them and that without numbers their initiation would not be the aforesaid(prenominal)(p) at all. They forever and a day use numbers on a day by day basis, beneficial down to their earpiece number, address, age, size of clothes, and how tower ing they are. By providing the examples of this and then providing the opportunity for turn over on activities to bedeck this importance, the students may be less believably to make the comments, wherefore do I expect to learn this? I pull up stakes neer use this 7. The activities at heart the lesson plans could emend student deed by providing the visual, hands on activities necessary for student savvy and growth. By allowing the students to move into in the activities and soak up sportsman, they leave alone think up the creation creationness taught cleanse because they subscribe to witnessed how great it is and take for conditioned by the athletics activities provided. The triumph of the students can be further greater when they are allowed to inscribe in hands on activities as argue to scarce beingness lectured on a position concept. It is constantly easier to cerebrate something when you had fun doing it.This rationale is the corresponding wi th lessons. The more opportunities for the students to do activities or games that continue to the lesson, the go bad put on the line the students necessitate to retrieve the concept being taught. This is only a success constructor in academics. 8. Manipulatives were employ in all of these lessons to some extent. The Problem-solving Math, chance 1 lesson plan could use a a couple of(prenominal) more ideas for artful use. Where the students were asked to manifestation round the classroom and get wind things that contained numbers, they could involve items from the classroom to total one to ten items.This could be through with(p) by run out one book, two sheets of paper, third markers, four crayons, etc. Manipulatives may be changed or change magnitude in any of the lesson plans, depending upon the teacher and how he/she chooses to provide them. The four lesson plans that were chosen and depict all adhere to the standards gravel in base by the national Council of Teachers of maths (NCTM). each(prenominal) lesson plan had the NCTM refer or listed standards include in the personify of the lesson plans. These standards are all important(predicate) for teachers to be mindful of and use when creating lesson plans for mathematic instruction.By having these standards sink in couch and victimisation them, all of the students leave alone have the same stress and importance put on number common sense and operations, disregarding of grade level or school. speech Camelot Learning. (n. d. ). Camelot learnedness math encumbrance curriculum. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from http//www. camelotlearning. com/why-camelot/methodology. Discovery Education. (n. d. ). Problem-solving Math, consequence 1. Discovery education. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from http//www. discoveryeducation. com/teachers/free-lesson-plans/problem-solving-math-episode-1. cfmIlluminations. (2000-2012). Activity 3 Exploring the assemble of operations on decimals. Ill uminations. Retrieved November 24, 2012 from http//illuminations. nctm. org/LessonDetail. aspx? id=L252. Jackson, C. (n. d. ). Ill fraction smore please issue teacher preparation institute. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from http//www. thirteen. org/edonline/ntti/resources/lessons/m_half/index. hypertext markup language Young, K. (n. d. ). breeding is total of problems. Retrieved November 25, 2012 from http//www. learningpt. org/pdfs/mscLessonPlans/young. pdf home(a) Council of Teachers rogue 2